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high voltage current shunt monitor ad8211 rev. 0 information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062-9106, u.s.a. tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com fax: 781.461.3113 ?2007 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. features 4000 v hbm esd high common-mode voltage range ?2 v to +65 v operating ?3 v to +68 v survival buffered output voltage wide operating temperature range 5-lead sot: ?40c to +125c excellent ac and dc performance 5 v/c typical offset drift ?13 ppm/c typical gain drift 120 db typical cmrr at dc applications high-side current sensing motor controls transmission controls engine management suspension controls vehicle dynamic controls dc-to-dc converters functional block diagram 06824-001 v in+ v+ out g = +20 ad8211 a1 proprietary offset circuitry v in? gnd figure 1. general description the ad8211 is a high voltage, precision current shunt amplifier. it features a set gain of 20 v/v, with a typical 0.5% gain error over the entire temperature range. the buffered output voltage directly interfaces with any typical converter. excellent common- mode rejection from ?2 v to +65 v is independent of the 5 v supply. the ad8211 performs unidirectional current measure- ments across a shunt resistor in a variety of industrial and automotive applications, such as motor control, solenoid control, or battery management. special circuitry is devoted to output linearity being maintained throughout the input differential voltage range of 0 mv to 250 mv, regardless of the common-mode voltage present. the ad8211 has an operating temperature range of ?40c to +125c and is offered in a small 5-lead sot package.
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 2 of 16 table of contents features .............................................................................................. 1 applications ....................................................................................... 1 functional block diagram .............................................................. 1 general description ......................................................................... 1 revision history ............................................................................... 2 specifications ..................................................................................... 3 absolute maximum ratings ............................................................ 4 esd caution .................................................................................. 4 pin configuration and function descriptions ............................. 5 typical performance characteristics ............................................. 6 theory of operation ...................................................................... 10 application notes ........................................................................... 11 output linearity ......................................................................... 11 applications information .............................................................. 12 high-side current sense with a low-side switch ................. 12 high-side current sensing ....................................................... 12 low-side current sensing ........................................................ 12 outline dimensions ....................................................................... 13 ordering guide .......................................................................... 13 revision history 7/07revision 0: initial version
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 3 of 16 specifications t opr = ?40c to +125c, t a = 25c, v s = 5 v, r l = 25 k (r l is the output load resistor), unless otherwise noted. table 1. parameter min typ max unit conditions gain initial 20 v/v accuracy 0.25 % v o 0.1 v dc accuracy over temperature 0.35 % t opr gain vs. temperature ?13 ppm/c t opr 1 voltage offset offset voltage (rti) 1 mv 25c over temperature (rti) 2.2 mv t opr offset drift 5 v/c t opr 2 input input impedance differential 5 k common mode 5 m common-mode voltage > 5 v 3.5 k common-mode voltage < 5 v common-mode input voltage range ?2 +65 v common-mode continuous differential input voltage range 250 mv differential input voltage common-mode rejection 100 120 db t a , f = dc, v cm > 5 v, see figure 5 80 90 db t a , f = dc, v cm < 5 v, see figure 5 output output voltage range low 0.1 0.05 v output voltage range high 4.95 4.9 v output impedance 2 dynamic response small signal ?3 db bandwidth 500 khz slew rate 4.5 v/s noise 0.1 hz to 10 hz, rti 7 v p-p spectral density, 1 khz, rti 70 nv/hz power supply operating range 4.5 5.5 v quiescent current over temperature 1.2 2.0 ma v cm > 5 v 3 , see figure 12 power supply rejection ratio 76 db temperature range for specified performance ?40 +125 c 1 the mean of the gain drift distribution is typically ?13 ppm/c, with a = 3 ppm/c. 2 the mean of the offset drift distribution is typically +5 v/c, with a = 3 v/c. 3 when the input common-mode voltage is less than 5 v, the supply current increases, which can be calculated by i s = ?0.275 (v cm ) + 2.5.
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 4 of 16 absolute maximum ratings table 2. parameter rating supply voltage 12.5 v continuous input voltage ?3 v to +68 v reverse supply voltage ?0.3 v hbm (human body model) esd rating 4000 v cdm (charged device model) esd rating 1000 v operating temperature range ?40c to +125c storage temperature range ?65c to +150c output short-circuit duration indefinite stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. esd caution
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 5 of 16 pin configuration and fu nction descriptions 0 6824-030 1 2 5 3 4 1 2 5 3 4 figure 2. metallization diagram 0 6824-002 out 1 g nd 2 v in+ 3 v+ 5 v in? 4 nc = no connect ad8211 top view (not to scale) figure 3. pin configuration table 3. pin function descriptions pin o. neonic description 1 out ?277 +466 buffered output. 2 gnd ?140 +466 ground. 3 v in+ ?228 ?519 noninverting input. 4 v in? +229 ?519 inverting input. 5 v+ +264 +466 supply.
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 6 of 16 typical performance characteristics 1.2 ?1.2 ?40 06824-112 temperature (c) v osi (mv) ?20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 0 ?0.2 ?0.4 ?0.6 ?0.8 ?1.0 figure 4. typical of fset vs. temperature 140 60 10 06824-114 frequncy (hz) cmrr (db) 1m 100 1k 10k 100k 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 common-mode voltage > 5v common-mode voltage < 5v figure 5. typical cmrr vs. frequency 2500 ?2500 ?40 06824-113 temperature (c) gain error (ppm) ?20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2000 1500 1000 500 0 ?500 ?1000 ?1500 ?2000 figure 6. typical gain error vs. temperature 40 ?40 10k 06824-107 frequency (hz) gain (db) 10m ?5 ?10 ?15 ?20 ?25 20 30 25 3 5 15 10 5 0 ?30 ?35 100k 1m figure 7. typical small signal bandwidth (v out = 200 mv p-p) 10 0 0 06824-118 differential input voltage (mv) total output error (%) 250 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 101520253035404550556065707580859095 figure 8. total output error vs. differential input voltage ? 510 ?570 0 250 06824-103 differential input voltage (mv) input bias current (a) ?515 ?520 ?525 ?530 ?535 ?540 ?545 ?550 ?555 ?560 ?565 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 v in+ v in? figure 9. input bias current vs. differential input voltage, v cm = 0 v
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 7 of 16 110 40 0 250 06824-104 differential input voltage (mv) input bias current (a) 100 90 80 70 60 50 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 v in+ v in? figure 10. input bias current vs . differential input voltage, v cm = 5 v 0.8 ?2.4 ?5 65 06824-102 input common-mode voltage (v) input bias current (ma) 0.4 0 ?0.4 ?0.8 ?1.2 ?1.6 ?2.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 figure 11. input bias current vs. input common-mode voltage 4.0 1.0 ?4 65 06824-101 common-mode voltage (v) supply current (ma) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 ?202468 figure 12. supply current vs. common-mode voltage 06824-110 time (500ns/div) 100mv/div output 1v/div input figure 13. fall time 06824-111 time (500ns/div) 100mv/div output 1v/div input figure 14. rise time 06824-109 time (1s/div) 200mv/div output 2v/div input figure 15. differential overload recovery (falling)
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 8 of 16 06824-108 time (1s/div) 200mv/div output 2v/div input figure 16. differential overload recovery (rising) 06824-120 time 5s/div) 2v/div 0.01/div figure 17. settling time (falling) 06824-119 time 5s/div) 2v/div 0.01/div figure 18. settling time (rising) 12.0 5.0 ?40 06824-106 temperature (c) maximum output sink current (ma) ?20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 ?30 ?10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 11.0 11.5 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.0 6.0 5.5 figure 19. maximum output sink current vs. temperature 9.0 4.0 ?40 06824-105 temperature (c) maximum output source current (ma) ?20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 figure 20. maximum output source current vs. temperature 5.0 1.0 0 06824-117 output source current (ma) output voltage range (v) 9 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.4 12345678 figure 21. output voltage range vs. output source current
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 9 of 16 2.0 0 0 06824-116 output sink current (ma) output voltage range from gnd (v) 12 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1234567891011 figure 22. output voltage range fr om gnd vs. output sink current
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 10 of 16 theory of operation in typical applications, the ad8211 amplifies a small differential input voltage generated by the load current flowing through a shunt resistor. the ad8211 rejects high common-mode voltages (up to 65 v) and provides a ground-referenced, buffered output that interfaces with an analog-to-digital converter (adc). figure 23 shows a simplified schematic of the ad8211. 06824-022 v+ v out = (i shunt r shunt ) 20 g = +20 ad8211 a1 proprietary offset circuitry gnd r1 r out q1 r i shunt i in r shunt figure 23. simpli fied schematic a load current flowing through the external shunt resistor produces a voltage at the input terminals of the ad8211. the input terminals are connected to amplifier a1 by resistor r and resistor r1. the inverting terminal, which has very high input impedance is held to ( v cm ) ? (i shunt r shunt ) because negligible current flows through resistor r. amplifier a1 forces the noninverting input to the same potential. therefore, the current that flows through resistor r1, is equal to i in = ( i shunt r shunt )/ r1 this current (i in ) is converted back to a voltage via r out . the output buffer amplifier has a gain of 20 v/v and offers excellent accuracy as the internal gain setting resistors are precision trimmed to within 0.01% matching. the resulting output voltage is equal to v out = ( i shunt r shunt ) 20
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 11 of 16 application notes output linearity in all current sensing applications, and especially in automotive and industrial environments where the common-mode voltage can vary significantly, it is important that the current sensor maintain the specified output linearity, regardless of the input differential or common-mode voltage. the ad8211 contains specific circuitry on the input stage, which ensures that even when the differential input voltage is very small, and the common-mode voltage is also low (below the 5 v supply), the input-to-output linearity is maintained. figure 24 shows the input differential voltage vs. the corresponding output voltage at different common modes. 200 0 0 06824-115 differential input voltage (mv) output voltage (mv) 10 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 123456789 ideal v out (mv) v out (mv) @ v cm = 0v v out (mv) @ v cm = 65v figure 24. gain linearity due to differential and common-mode voltage regardless of the common mode, the ad8211 provides a correct output voltage when the input differential is at least 2 mv, which is due to the voltage range of the output amplifier that can go as low as 33 mv typical. the specified minimum output amplifier voltage is 100 mv to provide sufficient guard- bands. the ability of the ad8211 to work with very small differential inputs, regardless of the common-mode voltage, allows for more dynamic range, accuracy, and flexibility in any current sensing application.
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 12 of 16 applications information high-side current sense with a low-side switch in such load control configurations, the pwm-controlled switch is ground referenced. an inductive load (solenoid) is tied to a power supply. a resistive shunt is placed between the switch and the load (see figure 25 ). an advantage of placing the shunt on the high side is that the entire current, including the recirculation current, can be measured because the shunt remains in the loop when the switch is off. in addition, diagnostics can be enhanced because shorts to ground can be detected with the shunt on the high side. in this circuit configuration, when the switch is closed, the common-mode voltage moves down to near the negative rail. when the switch is opened, the voltage reversal across the inductive load causes the common-mode voltage to be held one diode drop above the battery by the clamp diode. 06824-024 gnd 2 v in+ v in? 1 5 out v+ 3 4 ad8211 5v inductive load clamp diode shunt switch batter y 123 54 figure 25. low-side switch high-side current sensing in this configuration, the shunt resistor is referenced to the battery. high voltage is present at the inputs of the current sense amplifier. in this mode, the recirculation current is again measured and shorts to ground can be detected. when the shunt is battery referenced, the ad8211 produces a linear ground-referenced analog output. an ad8214 can also be used to provide an over- current detection signal in as little as 100 ns. this feature is useful in high current systems where fast shutdown in over- current conditions is essential. 06824-025 gnd 2 v in+ v in? 1 5 out v+ 3 4 ad8211 5v inductive load clamp diode shunt switch batter y 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 ad8214 gnd nc ?in out v reg +in v s nc overcurrent detection (<100ns) 123 54 figure 26. battery-referenced shunt resistor low-side current sensing in systems where low-side current sensing is preferred, the ad8211 provides an integrated solution with great accuracy. ground noise is rejected, cmrr is typically higher than 90 db, and output linearity is not compromised, regardless of the input differential voltage. 06824-026 gnd 2 v in+ v in? 1 5 out v+ 3 4 ad8211 5v inductive load clamp diode shunt batter y switch 123 54 figure 27. ground-referenced shunt resistor
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 13 of 16 outline dimensions pin 1 1.60 bsc 2.80 bsc 1.90 bsc 0.95 bsc 5 12 3 4 0.22 0.08 10 5 0 0.50 0.30 0.15 max seating plane 1.45 max 1.30 1.15 0.90 2.90 bsc 0.60 0.45 0.30 compliant to jedec standards mo-178-a a figure 28. 5-lead small outline transistor package [sot-23] (rj-5) dimensions shown in millimeters ordering guide model temperature range package description package option branding ad8211yrjz-r2 1 ?40c to +125c 5-lead sot-23 rj-5 y02 ad8211yrjz-rl 1 ?40c to +125c 5-lead sot-23 rj-5 y02 ad8211yrjz-rl7 1 ?40c to +125c 5-lead sot-23 rj-5 y02 1 z = rohs compliant part.
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 14 of 16 notes
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 15 of 16 notes
ad8211 rev. 0 | page 16 of 16 notes ?2007 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. d06824-0-7/07(0)

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